What Type of Company to Create

What Type of Company to Create? It is a well-known fact that many people in our society prefer to work for an employer, because it is more convenient for them: they are provided with stable salaries, day after day they fulfill well-defined functions and in the majority of cases they do not have to take responsibilities for their actions and decisions. But there are also those who would rather work for themselves. Whenever such a person decides to start his own business and to set up a company, there appears such a question: What type of a company it should be? It is extremely important to choose the one, which suits the financial condition and development strategy of the founder. The founder can decide on a sole proprietorship. It is one of the simplest types of companies. The sole proprietorship organization has a single person at the head, who owns and controls it. This type of organization doesn’t require a lot of money for foundation, the dissolution procedure is simple and quick and any liabilities in this kind of business are the personal liabilities of the owner. One can prefer partnership. This is a kind of company, formed between two or more people. All the founders are partners and joint owners of the entire organization. All of them are accountable for any profit, loss or liability of the company. It depends on the agreement between partners how they are going to run the company. Founders can also set up a limited liability company. An LLC is a mix of a business corporation and partnership, which provides more flexibility and gives an opportunity to blend benefits of both types. I think you will agree that there are no obstacles for those, who want to act and earn money. Everything you need to start your own business is a strong desire, an interesting idea and some money.

Essay on Unit 3 - 683 Words

1.1 - Explain what is meant by: Diversity? Diversity means although people differ from each other it is accepting this difference and its value that brings richness and variety to society. Equality? Equality is about each person being equal and entitled to their rights and being treated the same regardless of their age, gender or religion Inclusion? The aim of inclusion is to embrace all people irrespective of age, race, gender, and disability, medical or other need. It is about giving equal access and opportunities and getting rid of discrimination and intolerance. 1.2 - Describe the potential effects of discrimination? People who are affected by discrimination can experience anger, frustration, isolation and the†¦show more content†¦These rights are as follows - Right to life - Prohibition of torture - Prohibition of slavery and forced labour - Right to liberty and security - Right to a fair trial - No punishment without law - Right to respect for privacy and family life - Freedom of thought, conscience and religion - Freedom of expression - Freedom of assembly and association - Right to marry - Prohibition of discrimination Other legislation relating to equality would be: - Equal Pay Act 1970 - The Sex Discrimination Order 1976(amended 1998) - Race Relations Order 2003 - Disability Discrimination Act 1995(amended 2004) 2.2 - Explain interactions with individuals that respects their beliefs, culture, values and preferences? I ensure that I share with other colleagues any information that relates to people’s choices, preferences and rights. I set an example to co-workers and if the need arose I would make it clear that bad behavior is unacceptable. I ensure I do not speak to individuals in a derogatory, rude or dismissive way and I would never undermining peoples self-esteem and confidence. I refer to all my clients with the name they prefer to be called and communicate in a way which they have chosen and establish with me. I try to ensure that people are fully aware of complaints procedures and know how to follow them. 3.1 - Explain the actions that modelShow MoreRelatedUnit 3 P1 M1 And D17271 Words   |  30 Pagesï » ¿Unit 3 P1 Describe how marketing techniques are used in the marketing of products in two organisations Product cycle Introduction The businesses and products I chose happened to be, Nike and their Mercurial football boots, and Sony and their PS3 gaming console. 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Maybe it was a narrativeRead MoreUnit 3 Dtlls3462 Words   |  14 Pages CG 7305 DTLLS Unit 3: Enabling Learning Assessment Word Count: 3,117 Introduction As a college based Management Apprenticeship assessor and trainer working within Corporate Development Training nationwide, I use a range of assessment methods. Initially in this assignment, I intend to describe and evaluate two different assessment methods, which I use to assess the progress of my learners. Through the identification of these assessment methods, I will analyse theirRead MoreSemester A Unit 3 Lesson 31626 Words   |  7 Pages Semester A Unit 3 Lesson 3 Introduction and Objective Every text is written for a reason. Along with the purpose of the text comes the central idea, or what the text is about. Think about the different types of texts you have read in all your different classes. What was the idea behind some of them? Today s lesson objective is: Students will be able to determine the central idea of a text. Think about a text you have read recently. Was it a text on science or history? Maybe it was a narrativeRead MoreUnit 3 p61345 Words   |  6 Pagesthe benefit of the production that makes it valuable to you. Level 2: The actual product is the physical item. At this level branding and added features and benefits are important as this what will differentiate the product from competitors. Level 3: The augmented product is additional value beyond the physical product: it usually consist of after-sales service, warranties, delivery and so on. The extent of the mix is another significant issue. If a business doesn’t have many products, thereRead MoreP1 Unit 31432 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry which the business is not currently in and then making new product for that new market. But big company’s like Apple and Starbucks would not normally buy a business that is already started. For example Apple bought the company ‘Beats’ in 2011 for $3 Billion. This is diversification because Apple has gone from selling mobile phones and tablets to selling high quality ‘Beats.’ Also Starbucks have recently bought a national tea shop called Teavana for $620 million cash in hand. This is diversificationRead Moreunit 3 assignment 3 Essay851 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 3 Review 1. Which of the following is true about a TCP/IP network? A) The network uses only standards defined in TCP/IP RFCs. 2. Which of the following terms is not a common synonym for TCP/IP model? (Choose two answers.) D) TCP/IP mapping and C) Ethernet 3. Think generically about the idea of a networking standard, ignoring any particular standard or standards group. Which of the following is typically true of a standard? (Choose two answers.) B) It exists as a deployed network deviceRead MoreUnit 3 E21103 Words   |  5 Pagespatients over a longer period using independent observers to minimise bias and increase reliability. A significant challenge was analysing the copious amount of medical data obtained from the experimental study including numerous medical questionnaires (3 questionnaires with 35 questions total) for 26 patients at 2 hours, 4 weeks and 8 weeks post procedure. This data was initially overwhelming and very complex and hence it was difficult to know where and how to begin statistical analysis. The decision

Forever And Always (Descriptive) Essay Example For Students

Forever And Always (Descriptive) Essay Forever and AlwaysSome people believe in miracles. Other people argue that fate is what makes dayturn into night and the waves rise high and low crashing over a ship at sea or carrying itto the shore safely. A person of faith will say that ones’ life is controlled by a higherpower greater than fate itself. Shannon has heard every excuse, rhyme or reason as towhat exactly wills each life changing event. She occasionally agrees, yet never disagreesfor reasons that would just be impolite. It is what only she knows in her heart, and in aplace that even her heart cannot reach, that wills her to live through each day and keepsher anticipating the comfort of her empty bed at night. It is here, in the glow from a singlelit candle holding the scent of the ocean breeze, that Shannon separates herself from theworld around her and is brought into the only place she longs to be. To begin the evening ritual, Shannon sits at her vanity, combing each section of herlong blonde locks and staring into her reflection. She reminds herself of how her eyesused to sparkle. She attempts to recreate the shimmer in her hazel eyes by recalling ahumorous event, or practicing her most infectious grin. Suprised that this doesn’t work(although it has never worked before) she eagerly reaches under her mattress for thephotograph that will begin the second step of what will soon ease her into a soundslumber. Shannon immediately finds the grin that she has been searching for. First, on theglossy print that she holds in her hand, and soon after, appearing on her own rose coloredlips. One would think that night after night of seeing the same picture would make it turninto only that, a picture. Every time Shannon gazes into this square paper world of hersshe is drawn into it as if it were happening all over again. (2)She falls into the time the picture was taken. It was a beautiful summer day, andthe sky was painted blue with traces of clouds only to remind the town that it was not, infact, a canvas, but a true day. The birds flew blissfully, calling to each other. The oceanbreeze was just enough to send the smell of the fish from the dock towards the inner partof town. The town itself was quiet. Families gathered today in their homes to share theday with each other. Many of the fishermen had the day off, and although the town shouldbe bustling with people, it just seemed like a day for peace and quiet in the confines ofhome. Shannon and Jay had the day planned also. He would be leaving in a week to goto sea, and they were deeply in love. At times like this, they would be inseparable. Asthey walked down the deserted beach, the water lightly grazed their bare feet. Hand inhand they headed toward the dock where Jay’s boat would depart in a week. Theydiscussed the days to come in specific detail. What she would do while he was gone,where they planned to go when he returned. They fantasized about what life would be likein a year. He would finally stay home to run his fathers business in town, never having toleave her side again. Just as they reached the end of the dock, Jay stopped Shannon and looked into hereyes. She stared deep into him, so deep that she trembled from the inside out. Her heartbegan to beat fast, like it always did when she was with him. He ran his fingers throughher windblown, sun streaked hair, and it was there that he professed his deepest love forher. â€Å"When I see you again, I will first touch your face and kiss your lips. Then I willtake your hand in mine and ask for you to be my wife. Until then, take this picture of me,and remember me every night. Please use it to remind yourself that I will be back. Nothing will keep us apart†. He slid the picture into the pocket of her windbreaker and (3)put his lips to hers for the sweetest, soft est embrace that lasted for what seemed likehours. .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 , .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .postImageUrl , .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 , .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031:hover , .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031:visited , .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031:active { border:0!important; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031:active , .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031 .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3281907ffc049b41c422327765b18031:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Uses Of Deception In Twelth Night EssayAs Shannon remembers the moment, she focuses on the face of the person she wasmeant to spend the rest of her life with. His skin was just the right shade of cream, with ahint of rosiness shading his cheeks and nose giving the sense that the sun had grazed onlythose features of his face and no other. His eyes, although dark in color, seemed to have aglow in them to the point where their gaze would feel like it was warming you from theinside. The lines around his smile made it seem as if he found pure joy in every bit of life,as if they were permanently imprinted on each side of his lips. Oh, his lips. How soft theyseemed. They form ed around his perfectly straight white teeth, by no means glossy, butholding a brightness to them that claimed they were never apart from her own for long. His hair was short and modest, and the sun rays picked up a glisten of gel here and therethat created waves within its dark brown surface. His shoulders were wide and thick, andhis blue collared polo shirt was unbuttoned at the top just enough to notice the bare of hischest underneath. He stood with one leg propped up on the dock and one inside his boat,as if to claim it belonged to him. In his hand, he held a tiny box just big enough to hold aring, one which would soon claim that she too, belonged to him. Shannon gazes into the mirror where she notices that she has found the smile backon her face once again. With the glisten in her eyes, she knows that she is prepared to seehim now, and it is time for her to depart into her world of dreams for the night. Sheknows that she never feels his touch in her dreams, but she also knows that one day shewill. It could even be tonight. So with the hope of her dreams becoming reality, sheplaces the picture underneath her pillow with eagerness, as if she were a child awaiting thetooth fairy, and lays her head down, closing her eyes with willingness to fall under thecontrol of her own thoughts. (4)Once again deep in sleep, it is only a matter of time before he comes to her. Likeevery night she dreams about the day on the dock. The day replays moment by moment. The wind in her hair, the gaze in his eyes, the sweet smell of his cologne mixed with thesalty ocean breeze, and the feel of his arms wrapped in hers. Yet tonight, the dream seemsto go further. She sees him come to her in her sleep. Shannon is shocked by the new levelof detail her dream has progressed to. She refuses to allow herself to wake now, eager tosee what next will come. She feels Jay’s presence in the dark of her dream. His hand sweeping over herface, grazing her lips with his smooth fingertips and moving them from there to the tip ofher ear where he brings his lips gently to whisper. The feeling of his breath on her is warmand makes Shannon’s body tingle as she begins to believe that he really is in the room withher. She smells the distinct flavor of his cologne in the air and on her pillow and longs forhim to wrap her in his arms. â€Å"Jay, I need you here with me.† she proclaims as if he can hear her. â€Å"I’m here. Forever and always.† He speaks and she is calmed by his tender voice. Shannon feels the embrace of his arms around her, and the whispered phrase thataccompanies every nightly dream she encounters, declaring his love for her. Finally readyto be disappointed by reality, she opens her eyes only to find that he is real. As she looksat him, he slides the gold sparkling ring onto her finger and their lips find each other. Theremainder of the night had come to life with passion. At dawn, when she finally fell asleepwith his arms around her, she felt the grin on her face form and the comfort in her heart,knowing that he meant what he said. He would never leave again. .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 , .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .postImageUrl , .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 , .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003:hover , .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003:visited , .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003:active { border:0!important; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003:active , .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003 .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc075b1a8c963de5509d80b0aed039003:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Secret World Of Walter Mitty: Walter Mittys Li EssayEngineering Reports

The Possessed Review Essay Example

The Possessed Review Paper Essay on The Possessed Not bad, but not, so continue on, who the Nechayev (see. Here), where it came from and what is represented on the general background. True, the People were later, but their service to the society and the social consciousness of the time and the continuity of the previous generations of fighters declared unquestionable and forgotten our agitprop, to substitute in their place demons. Land and Freedom the first revolutionary populist organization nationwide values ​​originated by the end of 1861 were inspirers Herzen (given name). However, gradually it unfolds, and the reaction of the authorities. In the summer of 1862 the arrest of ideologues led by Chernyshevsky (. With Sulfur Solovyov, a cat died in Siberia, the v1866 and Pisarev). Then, in 1863 the tsarist government brutally suppressed the Polish performance and also the students, and the Liberals sided with the government, criticizing nevertheless failure of reforms. But heres the Tver nobility (112 noblemen, inc luding the nine leaders of the nobility), who said they did not recognize progress of the king, were repressed and 13 intermediaries (!) Have been concluded in the Peter and Paul Fortress. In the 1863- 1865 biennium. royal inquisitor Ants (head of special product of sedition Commission) gave the death penalty to 240 people with an average every three days, hung or shot. IN AND. Semevskii noted that in its resolutions of the word hang , shoot is always legible others as if written with a special love. No wonder the St. Petersburg governor-general AA Suvorov called Muraveva man-eater. Then there was, for example, a circle of Saratov raznochinets NA Ishutina that in 1865 grew into a major underground power of a few dozen members, mostly students. Ishutintsy decided to act according to the recipes of Chernyshevsky and Owen organized cooperatives, workshops (as in the novel What to do?), In practice, to convince people of the advantages of socialist production, and then demand that the g overnment reform, leading to socialism, and, if it It refuses to raise his socialist convictions against people for the revolution But at the same time there was already a radical part of the movement -. Hell. All this was again brutally suppressed: Ishutina, for example, made a mocking imitation of hanging. Reigned in the White Terror: closed magazines, have been house searches and arrests. And only as a reaction to him there was a group Nechayev, and served as the beginning of the student movement of 1868/69s. History considerably richer ideological primitive from FM, so do not blow it up to some obscure genius. Genius discredit Nechayev, but the essence of the social drama of the time is not there. Nechayev casual, communicating, secondary, peripheral in fact figure in those years, although convenient for opponents of commoners and their successors. The Possessed Review Essay Example The Possessed Review Paper Essay on The Possessed of the Narodnaya Volya to them (-? B) terror there is nothing to admire, in my opinion the facts of this facts do not cease to be, right? Terror and murder are terror and murder. And the dead the same people! Yes, you say! Ah, the innocence of abstract reasoning about good and evil, but the truth is something concrete, requires a detailed analysis. You once easily attributed Volya terror, and it is to put it mildly not (just slander!) Read-ka: for the 6 years of its bloody orgy (1879-1884), the People executed six (6) people: the Emperor Alexander II, chief of the secret police, GP Sudeikin, military prosecutor VS Strelnikova two spies (SI Preyma Shkryabu and FA) and one traitor (AY ZHarkova). In all of these terrorist acts, taken together (including 8 attempts on the king), was attended by 20 rows of the People, known to us by name, plus members and IR agents (total 36), which, however, were engaged not so much terror as propaganda, agitation, organizing, publishing and othe r activities. Meanwhile, for participation in the Peoples Will cases only from 1880 to 1884. were repressed, according to official figures, at least 10 thousand people up to 8 thousand arrested only in 1874, dozens of political trials of those years with sentences of 10-15 years of hard labor for the printed and spoken word, and finally -.. 16 executions only in 1879 for unproven belonging to a criminal association, it is in his revolutionary proclamations, the transmission of their own money in the treasury, and so revolutionary. e., and demons genius-is psychological You see, for the genius of this work is just missing: 1) the breadth of the problem of terror: not On the one hand, and on all sides by 2) the depth of penetration of the topic: it requires an understanding of the social significance of the People. Here there is something to talk about: the fact is that the People are one of the manifestations of the emerging civil society, formed public opinion, which is not able to make the then Liberals, instead it is the People formed consciousness of national intelligentsia, stimulated her adulthood: leaving from the abstract -lozhnyh considerations of right and wrong, what about feeding in Devils FM, and with them all the current liars. 3) FM did not know and did not understand the ideology of the People, so no Putney, ie specific socially significant considerations in the novel is not there. The Possessed Review Essay Example The Possessed Review Paper Essay on The Possessed Chitalogoanatom! Im under your pressure climbed to Wikipedia samolikbez conduct. And confused. Lets sub. 1) Dostoevsky in the image of Peter Verkhovenskii depicted Nechayev (real case with sudentom Ivanov 1869go, whether that year) He was placed in 1873 for it. 2) Dostoyevskys novel was written in 1872. Narodnaya Volya appeared in 1879 after the split of Land and Freedom! So no need to Dostoevsky! Hes here at all to do with it and Narodnaya Volya ardently defended you, have not seen, it turns out! We will write a custom essay sample on The Possessed Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Possessed Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Possessed Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 3) Next (departing from Dostoevsky) I also wonder in his eyes Land and Freedom split at due to mismatch approaches to revolutionary activity. As a result, there were two parties redistribution (which, despite the terrible name, opposed the terror and the black was the desire to divide the land in black, the peasant) and Narodnaya Volya (which are not abandoned terror). Of course, I do not know how much and who killed the People in their endless attempts to deal with Alexander II (than he them wicked way this is the question the way, they are turned away last sympathetic after this step!), But it seems to me that 6 pcs victims It is not cost This I learned from Wikipedia. But we are talking about a work of art! What I did stop! Even if Dostoevsky somewhere departed from reality, it is his right his subjective view of what is happening in his country. And in the novel there is a weight (stands out because in my previous comments, you did not pay enough attention to this emphasis) other aspects social, psychological, and so on and so forth. 🙂 Dostoevsky wrote a historical chronicle it is necessary to remember this! And evaluate its worth not only in terms of reliability and accurate reproduction,

Pacing in Writing 10 Powerful Ways to Keep Readers Hooked

Pacing in Writing 10 Powerful Ways to Keep Readers Hooked Pacing in Writing: 10 Powerful Ways to Keep Readers Hooked If you’ve ever bitten your nails in expectation while reading a novel - or struggled to focus on a particularly long passage of a book - then you already have firsthand experience when it comes to learning how readers can be affected by the pacing in writing. Pacing refers to the speed at which the action takes place. It’s a vital part of your story, and it takes time and careful consideration to get just right. What is pacing and why is it important? Learn the answer here Why exactly is pacing important?Think all you need is a compelling character to hook readers? Well†¦ you need a bit more than just that. Wonderfully drawn characters can’t keep your readers interested forever - even a book featuring beloved characters like Indiana Jones, Harry Potter, or Elizabeth Bennet would be a slog if the first fifty pages described them slowly going about their daily activities.That's where pacing steps in. Pacing affects the mood of your story, helps develop ideas and themes, and allows your readers to connect to the characters and the events that surround them.While it might be easy to think that a fast pace will be most effective, the truth is that it depends on the story you’re telling. While thrillers tend to be quick and action-packed, romances and other character-driven stories sometimes work best when they take their time.To see what "fast-paced" means, check out these 23 psychological thrillers that will make your head spin.That sai d, the most important thing to keep in mind when you're outlining your novel and thinking about pacing is balance. A single story can’t (and shouldn’t) be all fast or all slow. Instead, there should be a trade-off between the two. This provides variety, makes the story interesting, and keeps the readers hooked.Think about it as music: it’s the highs and lows combined that makes a song appealing to the ear. If it was made up of a single, flat note, it would be pretty boring, wouldn’t it?What techniques have you used to change the pacing of your story? Let us know in the comments below!

Why Adding Salt to Water Increases the Boiling Point

Why Adding Salt to Water Increases the Boiling Point If you add salt to water, you increase its boiling point. The temperature will increase about a one-half degree Celsius for every 58 grams of dissolved salt  per kilogram of water.  This is an example of boiling point elevation. The property isnt exclusive to water. It occurs any time you add a non-volatile solute (such as salt) to a solvent (e.g. water). But How Does It Work? Water boils when the molecules are able to overcome the vapor pressure of the surrounding air to move from the liquid phase to the gas phase. A few different processes occur when you add a solute that increases the amount of energy (heat) needed for water to make the transition. When you add salt to water, sodium chloride dissociates into sodium and chlorine ions. These charged particles alter the intermolecular forces between water molecules. In addition to affecting the hydrogen bonding between water molecules, there is an ion-dipole interaction to consider. Every water molecule is a dipole, which means one side (the oxygen side) is more negative and the other side (the hydrogen side) is more positive. The positively-charged sodium ions align with the oxygen side of a water molecule, while the negatively charged chlorine ions align with the hydrogen side of a water molecule. The ion-dipole interaction is stronger than the hydrogen bonding between the water molecules, so more energy is needed to move water away from the ions and into the vapor phase. Even without a charged solute, adding particles to water raises the boiling point because part of the pressure the solution exerts on the atmosphere now comes from solute particles, not just solvent (water) molecules. The water molecules need more energy to produce enough pressure to escape the boundary of the liquid. The more salt (or any solute) added to water, the more you raise the boiling point. The phenomenon depends on the number of particles formed in the solution. Freezing point depression is another colligative property that works the same way, so if you add salt to water you lower its freezing point as well as raise its boiling point. The Boiling Point of NaCl When you dissolve salt in water, it breaks into sodium and chloride ions. If you boiled all the water off, the ions would recombine to form solid salt. However, there is no danger of boiling the NaCl. The boiling point of sodium chloride is 2575 degrees F or 1413 degrees C. Salt, like other ionic solids, has an extremely high boiling point.

I DONT HAVE ONE YET Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

I DONT HAVE ONE YET - Research Paper Example She had just been married for two years; and already was getting a lot of trouble in her marriage. She was really traumatized by the inevitably changing circumstances in her marriage following a strong and stable relationship she had had with her boyfriend. I remember when she was still in college and was really in love with her boyfriend Martin. Martin too loved her and this is the reason they got married immediately after finishing college. Liz was my best friend and this automatically qualified Martin as a good friend of mine. Consequently, we had many common friends because of this marriage and the friendship network. When Martin proposed divorce as a measure of solving their problems, we were all really devastated and Liz was too depressed to control the situation. I sympathized and empathized with her and at most times everything just went out of hand and I felt like I could no longer help in solving their situation. I too grew distressed of this. We no longer had good moments with Liz as we always deed since she spent most of her time in the bed weeping. Overtime she even grew cold and impossible to engage in a conversation. This reciprocated by withdrawing from our friendship and even withdrawing from her own self; she was no longer eating well nor caring fr her personal hygiene. There is a tremendous increase in divorce rates in the world today especially in the Northern America. In he United States of America, the current divorce rates lies at 50%. This typically means that 50% of America’s marriages end in dissolution (Cherlin Pgs 28-29). This is an alarming issue in the world today as divorce comes with many consequences that negatively involve even the innocent children that find themselves in the middle of such marriages. In Canada alone, statistics show that there are 2.11 divorces per every 500 families; there were 70,226 divorce cases in 2008 alone. This rate is a bit higher in America where there are 3.6 divorce cases per every 1,000 pe ople or 500 families (Cherlin Pg 29). The reasons for divorce varies from one region in the Northern America to another but the impacts are similar (Levinger & Oliver Pg 103). Divorce is a very bitter and heartbreaking monster to many families in the current generation. It mostly involves couples that at one point were very happy together, and they go through traumatizing moments to forget such days after divorce. It is so hard and it takes a long time and a lot of strength for such couples to overcome the confusion and trauma surrounding life, love and relationships. Martin had started withdrawing from Liz immediately they lost their first child at five months. Their child died of chronic pneumonia and Martin had always felt a sense of blame to Liz. He always accused her of negligence and lack of proper care to the child in terms proper and protective dressing of the child. Therefore, he withdrew from Liz after the child’s death and when Liz was devastated and tired of pursu ing Martin’s closeness, she too withdrew: not to me this time, bur to our other male friend Jack. Martin felt bad and in turn started being overprotective and jealous about Liz and Jack. At some point, he even engaged jack in a fight and the whole friendship network was falling apart. Liz instead withdrew further to a point that Martin proposed a divorce. This is when Liz again started to feel that she needed him more than

Demand, utility, and marginality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Demand, utility, and marginality - Essay Example Cumberland Farms stores are designed to meet the needs of middle-income urban and suburban individuals and families in the Eastern and Midwestern United States. Their main service is convenience, which is how they became a major chain of so-called convenience stores. While variety is necessarily limited by the size and marketing approach of each store,customers generally know what goods are carried and many basic needs can be met easily That convenience includes long hours,multiple locations, easy access to products, minimal checkout waiting time, and similar advantages to workers, retirees, students, commuters, travelers, etc. Their products are often priced below their competition, particularly those carrying the Cumberland Farms brand name. While variety is necessarily limited by the size and marketing approach of each store, customers generally know what goods are carried and many basic needs can be met easily by shopping at Cumberland Farms. The major factors affecting demand fo r Cumberland Farms` products are price;variety; hours and locations of stores; competition from other convenience stores gas stations, and supermarkets; customers ´ experiences dealing with stores; and various advertising and marketing techniques used to promote business. Within some limits, Cumberland Farms can and does respond to increased demand. For example, some products such as eggs and milk are essentially loss leaders and as the prices elsewhere for such items increase, Cumberland Farms raises its stock of these items and offers rain checks so customers can get the special prices later if the store runs out of such specials. Cumberland Farms also has some control over

All My Sons by Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

All My Sons by Arthur Miller Essay Explain how Arthur Miller makes this moment in his play All My Sons so dramatic. Refer to Extract 6 for passage In his play All My Sons, Arthur Miller makes the moment of George Deever’s arrival highly dramatic through the sense that a crisis looms for the Kellers and is then narrowly avoided. Hostility is reduced to calm and jovial equanimity through Kate Keller’s maternal dominance and controlling nature, and this in turn ensures that the threat posed by George is negated. At first, the interactions between Chris and George are adversarial as Chris repudiates the truth George asserts. Kate Keller resists Chris too, though in a very different way, which is ultimately successful in nullifying George and the threat he represents to the false reality of Joe Keller’s innocence. The initial interactions in this passage create a hostile atmosphere that arises from the clash between George Deever and Chris Keller. George has arrived to insist that Ann does not marry Chris because Joe’s guilt, or, more particularly, Joe’s dishonesty about his guilt, resulted in their father’s imprisonment and the destruction of their family. Chris insists that George â€Å"won’t say anything now.† He intends to marry Ann and, more importantly, has systematically suppressed any doubts about his father’s innocence. Miller has George speak past him to Ann, â€Å"you’re coming with me,† he says, and again, â€Å"you’re coming with me.† This repetition in his dialogue conveys his tenacity and suggests that he’s unlikely to desist. His challenge to Chris is part of a larger challenge to the false reality in which the Keller’s have been living, a reality in which Joe is innocent. Kate has protected thi s reality for years and proceeds to do so again now. When Kate Keller enters she immediately adopts a tone of maternal care and concern toward George. â€Å"Rais[ing] both hands† she â€Å"comes†¦ toward him† saying â€Å"Georgie, Georgie.† This diminutive calls into the present George’s past, his childhood and the happy associations he would have attached to Kate Keller during that time. Miller’s stage directions describe how she â€Å"cups his face,† a gesture suggestive of the affection and intimacy between a mother and young son. She remarks that he has become â€Å"grey† and that â€Å"he looks like a ghost.† This dialogue paints a vivid image of George as a gaunt and almost lifeless figure deserving of pity and perhaps plays on any feelings of self-pity he might have. She declares that she will â€Å"make [him] a sandwich,† and insists that he is â€Å"going to sit here and drink some juice.† Her theatrical and almost hyperbolic performance is one that seeks to emphasise her concern for George’s well-being and the motherly desire to nourish him and see him in good health. George is not actually her son, instead he belongs to the now fractured and dysfunctional Deever family. There’s a real sense that Kate is playing on this. She works to establish the nature of her interaction with George as obviously maternal, and thereby implicitly encourages him to adopt the corresponding role of dependant and grateful son. Moreover, Kate works to displace both George’s mother and Ann as the female figure to whom George owes the most loyalty and thereby establishes her own dominance and control. â€Å"What’s the matter with your mother,† she asks, â€Å"why don’t she feed you?† This question undermines George’s mother as a capable maternal provider. Next, Miller has her takes aim at Ann, admonishing her for saying that George was â€Å"fine† since he so demonstrably is not. Just as George’s mother supposedly fails to nurture him, Kate points out a similar failing in Ann when she notices Ann hasn’t given George grape juice. Ann says â€Å"defensively† that she â€Å"offered it to him.† The stage direction that describes her tone as â€Å"defensive† makes it clear that she feels as though she is under attack. And indeed she is. Kate’s reply is said â€Å"scoffingly,† showing that she is ridiculing Ann for her apparently inept attempts to adequately care for her brother. By undermining both George’s mother and sister, Kate implicitly offers herself as the female figure on whom George can really depend. Ultimately, Kate succeeds and Chris defers to her utterly. Hostility dissolves into amiability and affection. Miller makes it clear from the beginning that George â€Å"always liked† Kate. This stage direction reveals a vulnerability he has in regard to her. At first he is gently dismissive of her, saying â€Å"I know† and â€Å"I feel all right.† This dialogue suggests he isn’t buying into her performance, or at least not at first. Eventually, however, he declares â€Å"Kate, I feel hungry already.† This line signals a crucial shift. It is so obviously said with affection and good humour. Clearly, the thought of doing anything to hurt Kate could not be further from his mind. Moreover, it indicates that he has adopted the role into which she has been cajoling him; that is, the dependent and acquiescent son. Throughout this passage Kate is highly manipulative. She is motivated by an instinct to protect the false reality she and Joe perpetuate and on which she depends if she is to see her husband as anything but a monster who killed their son, Larry. Her success hinges on quelling George and the uncertainty of this is what creates the angst-ridden drama at this moment in the play. Ultimately, of course, her success is only momentary.

Unintentional Findings :: essays research papers

Unintentional Findings EN 102 Honors February 12, 1997 One can find their place in society much the same way as Stephen did. Unintentionally he went back and forth between extremes until he found his own preference. Figuring out what one wants to do with their life can be confusing, especially since there are so many opportunities in the world, but giving each a chance and finding one that suits one's personality and attitude is the best thing to do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people think Stephen went from one extreme, wanting prostitutes, to another extreme, a life of celibacy as a priest, were done on purpose, on course to finding his own happy medium. The same people might also say Stephen purposely chose a happy medium as not to subject himself to either extreme; being in the middle lets him experience a little of both extremes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different people might say that his oblique search for his place in society was brought on from when he was very young with his artistic vision. He looked at things differently then others boys around him and he knew that. He always had extra questions about the simplest of matters and constantly thought about what was wrong and right and how it lead to double-standards. This is seen when he is asked if he kisses his mother at night. No matter what his answer is he still gets laughed at and this remains in thoughts for a while. His artistic vision can probably reflect his incessant habit of always having an opposing opinion to his schoolmates even if it was something small such as who he thought the greatest writer was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In his school Stephen seemed to be told how he was supposed to think and do things and in turn saw his family unable to follow the strict Catholicism taught in his school. This guided him in his decision for his future plans since he felt he was isolated from others because of the way he thought and did things.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When looking at his decision for where he fit in society one should not ignore the fact that his family life had an impact on his choice. Had Stephen not been so sensitive it would not have bothered him so much how little he gained emotionally, intellectually, and spiritually from the Irish nationalism surrounding him and his religious background.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin his life as an artist, his final decision concerning his place in society he realizes he cannot stay in the environment where he is seen as

Own story Essay

It is often difficult to tell your own story, as you do not know where to start. It takes a lot of determination for every individual to take up responsibilities as well as responsible decisions in life. There comes a time in every individual’s life when they are confronted with oppositions from all sides, from relatives, well-wishers and from people who do not want them to do well in life. It is only when an individual overcomes these oppositions, and does in life, that which (s)he always wanted to do, that the individual experiences satisfaction and pleasure in narrating her/his story. I feel happy to narrate my story, purely because I have always followed my dream. Literature is a subject that I have loved from the age of fourteen and continue to do so. This passion for my subject is what encouraged me to take up literature for my graduation and the only bit of support that I had in doing so was that which I received from my parents. Being born into a family full of conservative science graduates who were ready to accept nothing but positivism, I had to face resistance, a mighty lot of it. My high grades in English language at National level school examinations were not at all impressive to most of the people who were ‘truly concerned’ about my future. Nevertheless, the unrelenting support that I received from my parents was the main factor that gave me strength to face this resistance. Hence, I pursued my dream, leaving behind all the grumblings of discontent from my well-wishers and entered my beloved classroom in one of the most prestigious colleges of my State. It is in this classroom that I discovered that I had taken the right decision after all, and started loving my subject even more. Having a military background often helps people to cultivate various qualities like punctuality and a temper that can never stand non-sense. They are the people who get an opportunity to travel a lot in their childhood and this further helps them to communicate easily and express themselves without any ambiguity. Since my father served as a Wing Commander in the Indian Air Force, I was fortunate enough to meet many kinds of people from various backgrounds, could make friends easily and could communicate effectively. These communication skills helped me a great deal with my academics and contributed to my success as a student, as proven by the position I hold in the class rank list. Education is empowerment and every individual has a right to this empowerment. Bias and prejudices based on caste, creed and poverty should never come in the way of this empowerment. Children should never be denied the right to education, merely because their parents cannot afford to send them to nice educational institutions. Keeping this view in mind, I signed up in Make A Difference charity organization, which helps to teach under privileged children important subjects like English, Computer Science and Placements. I have enrolled as an English teaching volunteer and this organization aims at teaching the Cambridge syllabus for English, that which is taught in most of the International Schools in the country. As a volunteer, I would like to give these children the best as they have an equal right to education. The urge to become independent is usually a driving force when it comes to youngsters seeking employment. This urge, combined with a desire to be of financial help to my family is what led me to register at www. asiawriters. com. Writing is a boon given by God and at the same time, it is a talent that I have cultivated since childhood. I wanted to take maximum advantage of my talent in order to pursue my career as a freelance journalist. That is why, today, at the age of eighteen, I find myself writing this article. With the very little experience that I have in life and with acknowledging the fact that I am only a student, who recently completed her 1st year BA English Literature, I can say that this is my story. The above-mentioned reasons have made me what I am today and although I am aware of the fact that I am a very young girl, I feel happy at having realized my dream. It was always my dream to learn literature and I have always dreamt of writing. Today I feel that I have accomplished something.

Bacterial Transformation Using pGLO Involving X and Y Genes

Genetic transformation is due to a direct cause in the change by genes, due to the cell in taking and expressing traits from a separate piece of DNA. Naturally proficient bacteria are able to absorb exogenous DNA and go through genetic transformation. (Chen & Dubnau, 2004) The purpose of this experiment was to discover how a gene could be moved from one organism to a different organism with the help of plasmid. The cells that are capable of acquiring these traits from the other organism are known as being competent.Weedman, 2013). In this particular experiment we will genetically transform the bacteria E. coli by inserting a gene through heat shock, this gene codes for Green Fluorescent Protein, also known at GFP. The GFP gene originally comes from a Jellyfish and under an ultraviolet light the bacteria that acquired the gene with glow a brilliant fluorescent green color. (Portman et al. 2013). If the cells' nutrient medium has the sugar arabinose added to it then GFP can be turned o n. (Weedman, 2013). To determine if our hypothesis was correct, we used four differently prepared plates.The four plates each contained a different combination of the following; arabinose, ampicillin, LB nutrient broth, and pGLO plasmid. The combinations were; +pGLO LB/amp, +pGLO LB/amp/ara, -pGLO LB/amp, and -pGLO LB. Our hypothesis was: the plates with pGLO will have growth because they are resistant to the antibiotics involved, the plate with ampicillin and without pGLO will show no growth due to the fact that the antibiotic compromises the bacteria, and the plates that will grow will be the ones containing pGLO since they obtain the trait for glowing.Materials and Methods: All methods were obtained from (Weedman, 2013) Before beginning the experiment obtain latex gloves, two microcentrifuge tubes, a beaker filled with ice, a micropipetter, micropipetter tips, transformation solution containing calcium chloride, sterile loops, pGLO, E. coli, and four plates containing different s ubstances. To begin label the two microcentrifuge tubes +pGLO and – pGLO. Then proceed to obtain 250ul of transformation solution and put it in each one of the tubes using a different miropipetter tip each time, this solution will help enhance the permeability of the cell membranes.Then use a sterile loop to acquire single colony of E. coli to add to the tube labeled +pGLO; add this by twisting the sterile loop until the pGLO is off. Then repeat the last step for the -pGLO tube using a new sterile loop. Next add pGLO to the tube labeled +pGLO, to do this take a new sterile loop and inserted it into a vile containing the plasmid pGLO. Then twist the loop into the tube labeled +pGLO, then place both tubes into the beaker filled with ice for approximately 10 minutes. While the tubes are on ice grab the four LB (Luria Bertani broth) nutrient agar plates.Each plate should be labeled either +pGLO or – GLO; you should nave 1 LB/amp/ara plate (+pGLO), 1 LB plate (-pGLO 2 LB/am p plates (+pGLO)(-pGLO). After 10 minutes in the ice bath place the tubes in a floating rack and put them in a 420C water bath for exactly 50 seconds, giving them a heat shock. Immediately place both tubes back in the ice after the water bath for approximately 2 minutes. Once 2 minutes is up remove the tubes from the ice and put them in the rack at room temperature. Using a new tip each time, add 250ul of nutrient broth to both tubes. Then close the tubes and let them sit at room temperature for 10 minutes.After 10 minutes flick both tubes with your fingers to ix the contents, then using a fresh tip each time add 100ul of the transformation solution (+pGLO) and the control (-pGLO) to their appropriately labeled plates. Using a new sterile loop each time spread the contents around in each dish. Then tape the plates together and placed them upside-down in an incubator set at 370 C for 24 hours. Results: This experiment shows how a gene can be transferred from one organism to a differe nt organism through the help of plasmid. Traits are exchanged from one DNA stand toa different one in the bacteria E. coli.Two of the plates were a control group, hich meant there was no growth after the plates were taken out of the incubator. These two control plates were the ones containing -pGLO LB/amp and -pGLO LB. The transformation plates were the two plates containing +pGLO LB/amp and +pGLO LB/ amp/ara. These two plates showed a substantial growth in bacteria after being taken out of the incubator, one plate showing a considerably larger growth than the other and they both glowed under UV light due to the pGLO. The plate that obtained the arabinose had the largest amount of growth over the 24-hour period. http://mol-bi014masters. masters. grkraJ. g/html/Genetic_Engineering4A- Transformation-Bacterial Cells. htm http://faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/michael. gregory/files/bio%20101 [bio %20101 %201aboratory/bacterial%20transformation/results. htm Discussion: Our hypothe sis was: the plates with pGLO will have growth because they are glowing. Our results supported our hypothesis, the plates that showed growth were the plates containing +pGLO LB/amp and +pGLO LB/amp/ara. Where as the other two plates showed no growth at all, which matched our hypothesis. Michael Gregory did a previous experiment; he came to the same conclusion that our experiments' results oncluded.His experiment was identical to ours, involving the same materials and procedure. The same plates showed growth in his experiment as ours, as well as the plates that didn't show growth were the same. (Gregory, 2004). The only weakness that I could think of that would have a major effect on the results would be not using sterile equipment and causing cross contamination. Our experiments did not have any problems arise that would affect the results we obtained.

technology transfer to senegal essays

technology transfer to senegal essays Senegal, the former capital of French West Africa, is located on the westernmost point of Africa. This country is considered to be one of the worlds least developed countries due to a low gross domestic product (GDP) and a high population growth. Senegal is ruled under a republic with a strong presidency, weak legislature, reasonably independent judiciary and multiple political parties. The main political party, the Socialist party, promotes a moderate form of socialism based on traditional African concepts, but increasingly has sought to encourage private enterprise. The economy in Senegal is mainly agricultural. The principal source of income, for about 60% of Senegals population, is from agricultural products. Senegals population growth was 2.7% and GDP per capita was $532 in 1999. Also, the country has currently accumulated an external debt of approximately $3.1 billion. For Senegal to maintain its stability and move towards democracy, it must be able to sustain economic growth. While economic growth has been positive the past three years it is not yet strong enough... to have a substantial impact on per capita incomes. The country must find different and efficient ways of creating additional employment and high er incomes to boost the stagnant economy. A current problem that Senegal faces is a fuelwood crisis. Fuelwood and charcoal fulfill 57% of Senegals energy need. They are the main source of heating and cooking in homes. About 40% of their income goes towards purchasing fuelwood. A high demand for these natural resources creates environmental problems such as deforestation and erosion. When sources of fuelwood are low, the people resort to burning dried animal dung and crop residues. These resources, which should be used as fertilizer, are being misused. When this occurs, the land becomes degraded and cropland productivity is reduce ...

Ordinal Number Definition and Examples

Ordinal Number Definition and Examples An ordinal number is a number that indicates position or order in relation to other numbers: first, second, third, and so on. Contrast these types of numbers with cardinal numbers  (in math theyre also called natural numbers and integers), those numbers that represent countable quantity.   Ordinal numbers  do not represent quantity, notes Mark Andrew Lim, but rather indicate rank and position, such as the fifth car, the twenty†fourth bar, the second highest marks, and so on(The Handbook of Technical Analysis, 2012). Learning Ordinals If you are teaching ordinals to English language learners, introduce the concept by reviewing cardinal numbers. Then continue with the ordinals to contrast the concepts. Also, introduce the term last as a position vocabulary word. Examples of Ordinals All ordinal numbers carry a suffix: -nd, -rd, -st, or -th.  Ordinal numbers can be written as words (second, third) or as numerals followed by abbreviations  (2nd, 3rd). first (1st)second (2nd)third (3rd)fourth (4th)fifth (5th)sixth (6th)seventh (7th)eighth (8th)ninth (9th)tenth (10th)eleventh (11th)twelfth (12th)twentieth (20th)twenty-first (21st)twenty-second (22nd)twenty-third (23rd)twenty-fourth (24th)thirtieth (30th)one hundredth (100th)one thousandth (1,000th)one millionth (1,000,000th)one billionth (1,000,000,000th) Using Ordinal Numbers and Cardinal Numbers Together When a cardinal number and an ordinal number modify the same noun, the ordinal number always precedes the cardinal number: The first two operations were the most difficult to watch. The second three innings were quite dull. In the first example, the ordinal number first precedes the cardinal number two. Both first and two are determiners. In the second example, the ordinal number second precedes the cardinal number three. Both second and three are determiners. Try reading the sentences with the ordinal and cardinal numbers reversed. They simply sound wrong.(Michael Strumpf and Auriel Douglas, The Grammar Bible. Owl Books, 2004) More Tips on Using Ordinal Numbers Spell out ordinal numbers- first, second, third, fourth- except when quoting from another source. In the interests of saving space, they may also be expressed in numerals in notes and references. ... Use words for  ordinal numbers in names, and for numerical street names ... : the Third Reich the Fourth Estate a fifth columnist Sixth Avenue a Seventh-Day Adventist ... Use figures for ages expressed in cardinal numbers, and words for ages expressed as ordinal numbers or decades: a girl of 15 a 33-year-old man between her teens and twenties in his 33rd year (R. M. Ritter, New Harts Rules: The Handbook of Style for Writers and Editors. Oxford University Press, 2005) Do not use the ordinal (th, st, rd, nd) form of numbers when writing the complete date: January 15 is the date for the examination. However, you may use the ordinal suffixes if you use only the day: The 15th is the date for the examination. ... Write out ordinal numbers when they contain just one word: third prize, tenth in line, sixtieth anniversary, fifteenth birthday. Use numerals for the others: the 52nd state, the 21st Amendment.(Val Dumond, Grammar for Grownups. HarperCollins, 1993)

Japan Country risk analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Japan Country risk analysis - Essay Example Environmental cause is also not inherently integrated in the Japanese culture. Japan is a country of innovation and technology. National efforts to protect their environment are mostly government initiated and sustained. Efforts rarely come from the people. The process itself will call for the participation of people in creating the products, from design to manufacturing. This is the first apparel, accessories, furniture, and equipment company that will do that. Japanese are known for their unique sense of style but not everyone gets to see their designs in the market. This is the first business that will give the consumers a chance to become a designer and a creator of their product and see it out in the market with a brand attached to it. The business model is very similar to how a home business operates. The only difference is that GAAFE will do it on a larger scale. Any businessman can operate this business and start it on a smaller scale. There are also existing brands that uses recyclable materials as raw materials. This model is already being used but most of them are small businesses. Those with existing customer base can expand their business. Japan is one of the countries with high internet penetration rate. This gives every business a level playing field. The internet gives each business a way to reach their market just as strongly as big businesses can. The line between big brands and small brands are getting blurry. The internet gives every person the capacity and facility to be a business owner, business operator and a marketer. GAAFE operates on the Emerging Industry segment. Emerging industries are newly formed or re-formed industries that typically are created by technological innovation, newly emerging customer needs, or other economic or sociological changes1. They are the ones that are more open to new ideas. They take old ideas or old trends and puts a new twist like taking in old animated cartoon and using them to create

Legal Aspects Of Business Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal Aspects Of Business - Case Study Example He should always comply with the deadline. Failure to do so makes all his efforts fruitless. So though he delivered the product it was of no value to the customer as he had run out of time and had made other arrangements. In the case provided it's not mentioned that the contract between Alf and the customer was written or not. If the contract is written then legal action can be taken against Alf. Since verbally the customer has mentioned that he cannot work other than the stipulated time, he has all rights to take action against Alf. The written agreement between both the parties with a clear mention of the time makes Alf's case weaker. However if the customer does not have a copy of the written agreement between him and Alf then his case becomes weaker. Also if somewhere in the contract if it's mentioned that the shopkeeper is in no way responsible for any delays in delivery then too, the customer can not take any action against Alf. So though verbally Alf and the customer know about their agreement, if the customer has a written document then Alf's action can be proved a legal offence. So for the sake of law it is advisable that Alf does not impose the contract forcefully on the customer. In the second case the customer was unable to work with an ... After inspecting the gravity of the defect, the seller should replace the product, repair the fault or in extreme circumstances even refund the money if the customer is not ready for either replacement or repair. But he cannot say 'no' to the customer. Hence legally the customer can take action against Alf for not complying with the guidelines of selling electronic gadgets. In such circumstances it is advisable for Alf to refund, as he himself will not have to suffer any losses because the sellers have back-to-back service and maintenance contract with manufacturers. According to Kolah if the customer claims that the purchased product is not working properly then "Such a claim will require the interpretation of the defendant's obligations under the terms of the contract. This is because there may be express terms of an agreement the claimant and defendant concerning the purpose and standard of the product." (2002, p. 52) If it's not this, then to ensure that the product is fit for th e purpose made known to the seller, in the contract terms, the law implies that the product is of good quality and is appropriate for the buyer. In the third case too, Alf has the similar legal bindings as in the second case. Alf assured the customer at the time of sale that the saw he is selling is meant to cut anything, even steel bars. Since the saw broke down on the first day of its use, the case of misrepresentation of facts by the seller can be charged on Alf. He is liable for refund or replacement and if he is not willing to do so then the customer has all rights to drag him to court. If the seller is making a statement to the potential buyer, like in this case, according to Kolah

MALARIA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MALARIA - Research Paper Example The disease was first effectively managed from the early 17th Century following the understanding of Quinine by Jesuit Priests through their interaction with indigenous tribes of the New World. The cause of the disease remained unknown until 1880. That year Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, a French army surgeon, became the first person to propose that the disease was caused by organisms he had observed in malaria-infected blood. Further discoveries over the course of the Century yielded that the disease were caused by Plasmodium species and was spread by mosquitoes. During that period, other antimalarial treatments were discovered. From the 1960s onwards, there were global eradication efforts conducted mainly through outdoor and indoor spraying of insecticides by DDT and other insecticides to control mosquitoes and other pests. However, this had detrimental effects on the environment primarily on the climate and on local fauna and increased resistance from insecticides by mosquitoes. In 2014, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 1.2 billion people are at high risk of malaria. They also estimated that from 198 million malaria cases worldwide, the disease caused an estimated 584,000 deaths with Ninety percent of the deaths occurring in Africa (World Health Organization, 2014). Malaria in humans is caused by four Protozoan species: Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium falciparum. Of the four species, the most common forms are P. vivax and P. falciparum with P. falciparum being the most deadly. P. falciparum contributes to 75% of reported cases and deaths and P. vivax around 20%. P. knowlesi causes malaria in primates. An infected female Anopheles mosquito is the primary host for the disease. On fertilization, female mosquitoes feed on blood to support egg development. By feeding on an infected person, the secondary host, the female mosquito is

Education Essays Public Schools Education

Education Essays Public Schools Education Public Schools Education Abstract Public schools have always been a milestone of the social history of the United States. Despite arguments against them, many education researchers believe they still have an important place in the education process. Schools supervisors play an important role in education with a potential to extend their role in evaluation as needed in education reform. The aim of this essay is to provide a brief yet a comprehensive review on the arguments on public education, school supervision, and evaluation of education and school supervisors. Supervising and public schools Public education is a milestone in the US social history. The society is multicultural and ethnically diverse thus; public schools were an endeavor to create a consistent society, starting by young people, through providing a common prospectus coming up from the newly rising Anglo-American culture. The people of the US live a long dated democratic political tradition; therefore, they look at education as a key feature to the principle of equal opportunity. In addition, because of the capitalist economy is one with high competition, education becomes essential to success. Most Americans translate the phrase public education as run by elected civil authorities, and supported by taxpayers so these schools should provide free education. However, schools, by this definition, did not exist in colonial America. Thus, the roots of public education may have come from British Grammar schools, missionary (Spanish) schools in Mexico and Latin America, and possibly the underground secret (clandestine) schools of black slaves. Public education systems reflect the societys preconceptions, economic and political conflicts, and social ranking. Therefore, second to national defense, no government-provided service attracted the attention of the public in the US as education does (Encyclopedia of American Social History, 1993). Arguments on public education West (1994) looked at the history of public (government financed) education in both UK and the U.S, and came out with statements that disapprove the common notion the state should be the major supervisor and support to education. West (1994) showed that percentage of government spending on school education in UK was almost the same before and after schooling laws in 1830. The author inferred that measuring the educational output by the ability to read and write shows no large effect of government involvement. In addition, West (1994), claimed the ultimate development of the public education system was essentially the outcome of the endeavors of individuals managing it, motivated by self-interest. Thus, the result was to substitute, not to support and reinforce the earlier private education system. Young and Block (1999), summarized the arguments in favor of public education, they suggested four categories. The first argument for public education is the assertion that it produces large positive outcome irrespective of cost (economic argument). In other words, by public education rising generations benefit the society as a whole. Therefore, it is logic for the society to share in how to educate, disburse the cost of education, and does not pass on the process completely to private enterprises. In addition, increased economic productivity of educated people reflects on the productivity of the society. A second channel is that public education ensures the moral ideas, concepts, and beliefs the system needs to put in our children. This may not have a direct economic impact but its effect on crime rates, drug abuse and youth culture is evident if proper guidance and coaching are available. Second argument is that public education is necessary because parents may not be adequately educated to choose suitable schooling for their children (education argument). However, whether this argument is an advantage to the public system teaching the youth what the public body wants rather that what they or their parents want, remains open to discussion. This argument explains at most one generation of public education, after that this generation should be able to choose an education for their children. Third, the substantial resources of the government are what can provide proper investment in human capital. In addition, even if most parents can afford educating their children, however, the young generation cannot afford to pay education costs for themselves. A strong argument against a total private system of education (democratic argument) is it endorses and spreads inequality. Children coming from rich backgrounds should not superior education, and added chance of success, irrespective of their skills and abilities. The fact that family environment is a significant forecaster of school performance, increases the effect of this argument. The basic fact remains, since education is important for the public, public education should be available (Young and Block, 1999). School Supervision The rationale (philosophy) of school supervision: The basic objective for education is to provide an environment where all students can learn and eventually become successful and productive members of society.  There are six concepts to succeed as a leader of a school and be able to put this philosophy into action: vision, culture, management, community, ethics, and politics.   The choices to lead (supervise or coach) are the teacher’s response of vision of the education philosophy and aim, practical theories and are affected at the same time by the teachers personality and response to certain situations. Keeping this vision ensures that successful leadership leads to students achievements (Sergiovanni, 2006). Teachers should try to create a tailored plan for all students to ensure that meets everyone’s needs.   The classroom teacher’s must oversee this plan by frequent assessments.   These assessments will guide instructing the students to ensure making that progress for all students.   A supervisor must provide training for teachers, so they meet the eventual goal.   (Nanus, 1992). The culture of the school as a learning community depends on two essential understandings; first, the school is a place where all staff personnel are committed to the success of the school. Second, a learning community is one that accepts others and their differences, and is a community that establishes an environment of good morals as caring and mutual respect.   Developing a school culture is a necessity to develop a learning community. In this respect, supervisors represent the model behavior that sets the school culture (Rooney, 2005). The school community is not only the people within the school, it is the community outside the school related to and mixed up with the school students (as family and community businesses). Thus, the school leader must understand the needs of the community where the school is (Epstein, 1995). In managing resources, the school leadership must guarantee that all school sections receive satisfactory awareness.   A school leader must have a clear vision for student accomplishment and learning curve.   Teachers and support staff dealing with students must have a matching vision, as they are members of the school team. School ethics relates mainly to shared and common caring, respect and decency. The school leader must be an ethical role model for those in the school, and must display the spirit of standard morals and professional standards at all times.   The leader must be an example to respect, even-handedness, reliance, and integrity in all decisions.   This will promote the highest morals and ethics throughout the school personnel and gain parent’s trust (Sergiovanni, 2006). Supervisors and Education reform: In education reform, educational supervisors need to add concepts of coaching to the scope of their mission to be able to readjust the notion of educational supervisor. There is no clear definition to educational coaching, yet the term implies teaching, supervising, building, and following up the learning and skill development curve of students. This sounds similar in many ways to supervision, it is true there are connections between ideas and procedures of both terms. Van Kessel (2007) was more direct in describing the mainstay qualities of coaching. As described by Van Kessel (2007), coaching represents individualized, mutual effort, spotlights students’ progress, and focuses on results. Its center of attention is on developing solutions and not only on analyzing problems. It looks at objectives development and goal establishment in cooperation among the coach, teachers and students. It needs building up a methodical goal-directed process to advance goal achievement. Further, the coach should motivate student responsiveness to support learning and development. Finally, coaching focuses at stimulating self-directed and self-reflective learning, and at developing self-regulated progress to back unremitting change (van Kessel, 2007, English translation). Evaluation of education and school supervisors Formative-Summative evaluation: Defining formative assessment points to the assumptions and actions educators can take based on the results of an assessment; in other words, it is progression of plans and practices following an appraisal. Integrating the perception of formative assessment in education occurred over 35 years ago into the practice of education. In procedural terms, it means that students do not advance to the forecoming learning objective unless they pass an assessment in the present one. Finishing a specific learning unit, the teacher initiates an exercise based on a standardized teaching method. The teacher conducts an assessment for that unit, based on the students’ results; the teacher then classifies students into those who have mastered the unit and those who are not. For the unsuccessful group, the teacher employs diagnostic information collected from the assessment to apply corrective action usually in the form of directions to support the student’s weaknesses in understanding the subjects of the test. Thus, an essential point of formative assessment concept is that its main objective is to heighten students’ teaching (William, 2006). Formative assessment may take many forms (verbal, writing, small or focus group†¦) depending on the aims of evaluation and the students skills teaching aimed to develop (William, 2006). Summative evaluation, on the other hand, is a product (education) evaluation (Jeffs and Smith, 2005). It aims at evaluating the outcome and efficiency of an initiative, a process or a project (as education). Thus, it emphasizes on the aims and consequences of education. It seeks to clarify if a process working in a certain place can work in another place with the same conditions. In simple words, Summative evaluation is a way to decide the value of an education program at the end its activities. Thorough complete (comprehensive) testing or widespread all-inclusive (full-field) studies are the common methods of performing summative assessment. Its main use is to collect data on the effect of a running program in society for sometime (Jeffs and Smith, 2005). Role of supervisors as it relates to evaluation School supervisors perform three interlinking roles, they are control and assessment, providing support and offer guidance, and take the part of liaison (connection) officer between the higher education authorities and the school. The control function relates closely to inspection, and covers educational and administrative domains. This control function relates to evaluation of teachers and assisting staff. Support and guidance functions whether to teachers or student need knowledge of evaluation both formative and summative. Connecting schools with higher educational authorities is a form of upright liaison function; however, supervisors can also play a parallel horizontal liaison role spreading ideas and creating a school learning environment among the staff and students. There is an increasing awareness’ that supervisors role should extend to system evaluation because there is a need to education reform and increasing the quality function of the available schools (International Institute of Educational Planning (UNESCO), 2007) Conclusion My idea of a school supervisor entails belief, hope, and engagement in students’ interests. My belief is teacher supervision is more like coaching a team coming up with reliable and genuine ideas that can be signs of devotion and real hard work of teachers. I also believe in the important role public schools play in the society and that education reform should start within the school environment first. My hope is to be able to achieve the high expectations of a school supervisor in advancing students’ learning, share positively in teaching planning and processes, and fulfill my responsibilities in creating a caring and respectable learning environment. I can assess the students’ interests and needs as well as assess the quality of school supervision through performing continuous evaluation. I will also be able to recognize where I can improve the teachers performance and to prove professional endeavors that will help improving the process of public education. I will have my share in backing the commitments to the state law and policies of board of education as well as the district education guidelines documents. References Encyclopedia of American Social History (Volume 3) (1993). The American Religious Experience. Retrieved 10/06/2008, from Epstein, J. (1995). School/family/community partnerships: caring for the children we share. Phi Delta Kappan, 76(9), 701-712. International Institute of Educational Planning (UNESCO). (2007). Reforming school supervision for quality improvement: Module 2: Roles and functions of supervisors. Paris: IIIEP/UNESCO. Jeffs, T. and Smith, M. K. (2005). Informal Education. Conversation, democracy and learning (3rd edition). Nottingham: Educational Heretics Press. Nanus, B. (1992). Visionary leadership: creating a compelling sense of direction for your organization. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley Sons Inc. Rooney, J. (2005). School culture: an invisible essential. Educational Leadership, 62(5), 86. Sergiovanni, T. (2006). The principalship: a reflective practice perspective (5th edition). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Van Kessel, L. (2007). Coaching, a field for professional supervisors. Ljetopis socijalnog rada, 14(2), 387-432. West, E G (1994). Education and the state. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund Inc. William, D. (2006). Formative assessment: Getting the focus right. Educational Assessment, 11(34), 283-289. Young, A and Block, W. (1999). Enterprising Education: Doing Away with the Public School System. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 12, 195-207.

Conflict in Parkers Back Essay -- Literary Analysis

Who can dare say they have never encountered a conflict? No one is without conflict; there will never be a person who says they have never faced a problem. What is a conflict? Most think an opposition or a struggle of some nature. It can be that and more, to state it simply its man vs. anything; that anything can be nature, God, self, and even fellow man. Many of these can be observed in Parker’s Back written by Flannery O’Connor. Parker’s Back is a short story about a man named O.E. Parker who is obsessed with tattoos; the irony is he marries a religious woman who loathes tattoos. In Parker’s Back there are three types of conflict that appear man vs. man, man vs. self, and man vs. God. Man vs. Man is a conflict that can be seen throughout the story. For example, when Parker is telling his wife Sarah Ruth about his tattoos. â€Å" â€Å"I got most of my other ones in foreign parts,† Parker said. â€Å"These here I mostly got in the United States. I got my first one when I was only fifteen years old.† â€Å"Don’t tell me,† the girl said, â€Å"I don’t like it. I ain’t got any use for it.† â€Å"You ought to see the ones you can’t see,† Parker said and winked† (O’Connor 2). Sarah automatically shows her distaste for them, later on even going so far as to call Parker a fool for having them. This particular problem can be witnessed though out the rest of the story. This struggle does not end even when the audience has arrived to the end of the story. For instance, when Parker slams his hand in the hood part of the car. â€Å" â€Å"God dammit!† he hollered, â€Å"Jesus Christ in hell! Jesus God Almighty damn! God dammit to hell!† he went on, flinging out the same few oaths over and over as loud as he could. Without warning a terrible bristly claw slammed the side of his face an... ...n v. self, and man vs. God are all types of conflicts that appear in the short story Parker’s Back. Conflict is a major factor in the plot and structure of Parker’s Back. Works Cited Andrews, Charles. "Colored Man: The Ambiguous White Male Body In "Parker's Back." Flannery O'connor Review 6. (2008): 70-80. Literary Reference Center. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. Cofer, Jordan. "The "All-Demanding Eyes": Following The Old Testament And New Testament Allusions In Flannery O'connor's "Parker's Back." Flannery O'connor Review 6.(2008): 30-39. Literary Reference Center. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. O'Connor, Flannery. Parker's Back. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1965. Everything That Rises Must Converge. Web. 19 Feb. 2012. .

Freedom Writers Essay Essay

What life holds for us is determined by how much we are willing to sacrifice. In the movie Freedom Writers, Ms. G is the main character. Her way of viewing life gives hope to the people surrounding her. In this essay, I am going to compare her willingness to sacrifice with the sacrifice I was once asked to make. Ms. G dedicated herself to teaching a difficult group of students. California had integrated the school system, which resulted in a culture of conflict and violence. She spent a lot of her time and gave up a lot of her family life in order to help people that she barely knew. Her desires to make a change were clear and honest. For example, she took evening and weekend jobs in order to buy books and take her students on trips. She also made herself available to help students with personal issues. She had a strong desire to help her students understand that they were worthwhile, and that whatever challenges they faced, they could make their lives better. As a result of these efforts, her students learned to trust her and became united with each other. They began to feel hope for their future. Even though Ms. G. experienced success and satisfaction in helping others, she faced opposition. Her marriage was jeopardized. Her husband could not understand why she spent so much time and energy with her students, and he often felt second in her life. He did try to cope with this lifestyle, but it was too much for him to deal with and he finally left the relationship. I also embarked on a similar adventure. In June 2002, I was called to serve as a missionary for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Denver, Colorado. While on my mission, I taught the gospel to Spanish speaking people. Like Ms. G, I was dedicated to a good cause working with Hispanic people. I also immersed myself in helping those people to overcome personal and family challenges. I sacrificed two years of my life to serve people I had never met. I did it with all my heart. I knew that teaching people how to apply correct principles in their lives was the best way for them to achieve happiness. My goal was to help others to understand the true gospel of Jesus Christ. Teaching people the principles I knew to be true helped them to improve their lives and find joy as well. For example, I remember one person I taught; his name was Enrique. He was addicted to drugs and alcohol. When I found Enrique he told me that, from using drugs, he had lost his sense of taste and his body was no longer able to produce sweat. He also shared with me that his life had no purpose. He would go to work to get money to buy drugs, which created an endless cycle. I felt deep sorrow for him and wanted to do something to help him. I taught him about how to overcome his addictions to drugs and alcohol. Eventually, Enrique was able to overcome these addictions. I helped him to learn English and he began school at a University. Later, he told me how grateful he was for the new direction that his life was taking. Not only was my service similar to Ms. G’s, but my challenges were also. My family was upset about me going away for so long because while I was away, I would not be able to help them financially. They told me that if I went, I might as well forget about them. â€Å"It’s either a mission or us,† they said. I knew that I could not abandon my commitment to serve a mission. I pled with my family to understand my decision, but they reluctantly dismissed me. Once I was in the mission in Colorado, I tried to write to my family to let them know I was okay and that I was making a difference in the world by helping people to overcome many of the challenges that tear individuals and families apart. My family never answered my letters. I knew that what I was doing was right, but having my family reject me in those difficult years made me feel abandoned. Nonetheless, I was determined to continue working to help the people in Colorado. Certainly, my experience was a much shorter period of time than Ms. G’s and eventually my family embraced me again, while Ms. G’s husband never returned. Also, she taught the same group of people for four years, whereas I traveled around and met new people. Nevertheless, during the time I served my mission, I, like Ms. G, learned what it means to give everything for a good cause regardless of the adversity. As Ms. G and I both persevered in doing what we felt was right, we discovered great meaning in our lives and the work we were doing. In conclusion, our ability to fulfill our duty is not determined by our environment or surroundings. Ms. G and I have shown that if people’s hearts are in the right place, their rewards can be greater than what they lose. Our service, strength, and willingness can make a difference in the world regardless of who we are, or what we are standing for.

Modern Management Essay

Today, individuals are sometimes naà ¯ve to believe that modern management is a result of recent practices, theories, and ideas. Some believe the general structure of management and how human resources are carefully planned is the direct result of today’s contributors. They are erroneous to believe such. This commentary will explore the histories of management while cultivating the reader concerning the development of modern management and supervision as it is the result of the evolution of management that began in the nineteenth century involving slavery, railroads, and legal issues. Assignment 1.2 – Development of Modern Management Modern management has a distinctive composition consisting of managers, administrative practices, personnel, and capital. Many individuals are naà ¯ve in their perception of today’s management believing it is a direct result of recent practices, theories, and concepts; however, historians argue differently. Historians have taken readers on a journey through the history of management, while educating people concerning the management of slaves, railroads, and legal issues – the pillars of modern-day management. Slavery â€Å"American slavery has been wrongfully excluded from histories of management. By 1860, when the historical orthodoxy has modern management emerging on the railroads, 38,000 managers were managing the 4 million slaves working in the US economy.† (Cooke, 2003) Slave trade greatly influenced the management era. Slaves were responsible for farming, construction, irrigation, housekeeping, child-care, cooking, and much more. This surplus of human resources and capital required managers which eventually led divisions of management. Slave owners hired managers to supervise the slaves while wives oftentimes supervised slaves who worked as housekeepers and cooks. Managers were responsible for setting the expectations of the slaves and theirrespective daily duties. Slave owners oftentimes delegated authority and responsibilities to the manager who in-turn commanded the workers. Although slave management contributed to modern management practices, it has not been viewed by many histor ians to be a form of management. â€Å"Throughout the era of slavery the Negro was treated in a very inhuman fashion. He was considered a thing to be used, not a person to be respected. He was merely a depersonalized cog in a vast plantation machine.† (Cooke, 2003) The treatment of slaves and the criticism of such behavior as seen today have led many individuals to overlook slave management as a contribution to modern principles and ideas. Many historians prefer to give more credit to the railroads. â€Å"Of course, such a history would equally challenge any version of the history of management which explicitly or otherwise excludes slavery.† (Cooke, 2003) Slavery brought about new and innovative ideas regarding human resources. Slaves worked the plantations, which sometimes were hundreds of acres, and they were managed by individuals designated by the owner. Managing slaves required a great deal of time management, conflict resolution, capital expenditures, and even slave trading. â€Å"The chain of command went upwards from drivers to overseers to masters. Always there was obedience. † (Cooke, 2003) The management of slaves required a chain of command to be operational. Slaves answered to their overseer and overseers answered to their masters. This form of organizational structure allowed for delegation, communication, and duties to flow smoothly. In comparison, modern management structure is quite similar in nature. For example, McDonalds franchise has such a structure. For example, crew members are tasked with the job of handling customer orders, cooking, and cleaning and they answer to a shift leader. The shift leader is responsible for ensuring the crew works diligently and effectively. The shift leader answers to the assistant manager or store manager who is responsible for the overall mission of the store. The store manager would report to the owner or in the case of slavery – master. â€Å"The slaveowner urges the slave to ‘be a man’ and commands the slaves to put things to rights. They gathered around him in their helplessness, trusting implicitly in his judgment, receiving his rapid comprehensive orders† (Cooke, 2003). Likewise, modern management structure delegate managers to encourage and motivate employees to work more effectively and sometimes harder. Although there are compelling reason s whyhistorians choose not to regard the management of slaves as a contribution to modern management, the fact remains that slave owners contributed to the body of knowledge concerning management. Yes, many would agree that slavery was cruel and involved unusual punishment and treatment, but it helped shaped today’s management. †¦it is shown slavery is included within capitalism by many historians; we also see plantations as a site of the emergence of industrial discipline. Second, ante-bellum slavery is demonstrated to have been managed according to classical management and Taylorian principles. Third, those doing the managing are shown to have been employed at the time as ‘managers’. In the idea of the manger, and of scientific and classical management slavery has therefore left an ongoing imprint in management practice and thought. A strong argument is made for not just for postcolonisalist accounts of management, but for management histories in which anti-African-American racism is a continuing strand. The fundamental significance of the article however is its identification of slavery as of intrinsic, but hitherto denied, relevance to management s tudies. (Cooke, 2003) There are many compelling reasons why historians choose to ignore the management of slaves as a contribution to the evolution of management. Some think it will stir up some sort of controversy. Slavery was not the only major contributor to the evolution of management. Railroads  Like slavery, the railroads played a significant role in the evolution of management. â€Å"The railroads had to be innovators in many of the ways of modern corporate management†¦railroad managers were forced to work out the basic methods of communication and control essential to the operations of the modern business corporation.† (Chandler, 1965) Unlike many other industries during 1850’s, the railroads were faced with new challenges that required innovative management and administrative ideas. In an effort to sustain business, the railroads had to devise ways to resolve issues efficiently and effectively. â€Å"The railroaders were innovators not because they were necessarily more perceptive, energetic, or imaginative than other contemporary businessmen, but rather because they were the first to face the challenge of handling efficiently large amounts of men, money, and materials within a single business unit.† (Chandler, 1965) The size and co mplexity of the railroads forced the managers of railroads to be pioneers of management. The railroads required more operating expenses and start-up costs than any other industry during that time. Size was only one dimension of the unique challenges facing managers of the new, large railroads in the 1850’s. Their day-to-day operations called for far many more and far more complex decisions than did the working of a mill, canal, or a steamship line. Unlike a textile company, whose group of mills could be viewed within half an hour, a railroad was spread over hundreds of miles and included a wide variety of activities and facilities such as shops, terminals, stations, warehouses, office buildings†¦and so forth†¦So every day railroad managers had to make decisions controlling the activities of many men to whom they rarely talked or even ever saw. (Chandler, 1965) The railroad managers pioneered corporate management through their skillful use of time, communication, transportation, capital, and human resources. Many new positions within the organization were created to aid management. For example, chief clerks, senior financial officers, and secretaries were just a few positions crafted to help sustain the organization. The chief clerks and financial officers helped the organization use time and finances effectively. In comparison to slavery, the railroads had an unparallel influence on modern management through the use of innovation. Legal Construction Similar to the contributions of slavery and railroad management, legal construction played a role in the evolution of management. During the 1830’s, many industrial plants were ‘on the rise’, which led to the creation of many new employment opportunities. The industrial revolution offered jobs to the working-class, while also offering dangerous work environments. Many individuals were employed in factories with large mechanical machines. Although these machines helped the company with productivity and efficiency, they posed a tremendous amount of safety and health risks. Many companies were faced with unprecedented lawsuits as a result of employee injuries. The suit mounted by Gilham Banes was the first of a flood of suits alleging that employers were legally obliged to compensate employees for injuries arising in the course of their employment that came before American courts in the quarter century prior to the Civil War. This new phenomenon of employer liability suits marked a decisive moment in American labor and legal history, for it confronted courts with a demand that they impose on employers a clear legal obligation to safeguard their employees’ present and future earning capacity commensurate with the employer’s claim to the employees’ obedience on the job. (Tomlins, 1988) Conclusion Although many historians disagree, the management of slavery made many important contributions to modern management. Through the use of many positions such as overseers and masters, slave owners were able to manage thousands of slaves in different capacities. Many individuals choose to disregard the management of slavery on the basis of racism and the bad criticism surround it; however, the management of slavery has shaped management as many know it today. The railroads also made huge contributions to modern management. Positions such as clerks and financial officers are still widely used today to sustain business operations. The managers of railroads were able to communicate over long distances and keep business operational. Legal construction, like railroads and slavery, helped shaped the management structure. Employers now abide by laws that protect workers against harm on the job. Many historians rate different industries as contributing the most to modern management, but slavery , railroads, and legal construction has shaped management in an unparallel way. References Chandler, A. D. (1965). The railroads: Pioneers in modern corporate management. The Business History Review, 39(1), 16-40. Cooke, B. (2003). The denial of slavery in management studies. Journal of Management Studies, 40(8), 1895-1918. Tomlins, C. L. (1988). The mysterious power: Industrial accidents and the legal construction of employment relations in Massachusetts, 1800-1850. Law and History Review, 6(2), 375-438.